Indian Nightjar Bird Details
Caprimulgus asiaticus
Indian Nightjar,Indian Goatsucker;
Raat ki Chidiya
Latham, 1790
Caprimulgiformes (NIGHTJARS AND ALLIES)
Caprimulgidae
Caprimulgus
India (Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra), Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Middle East.
Appearance :
The Indian Nightjar has a mottled plumage, primarily brown, with pale and dark streaks that provide excellent camouflage against the ground. Its eyes are large and adapted for night vision. It has a short, broad bill and long wings that help it glide silently during flight.
Behaviour :
Indian Nightjars are primarily nocturnal and are known for their cryptic behavior during the day, often remaining motionless on the ground. They are solitary or found in pairs and are known for their distinct call, especially during the breeding season.
Habitat :
They prefer open grasslands, scrublands, and light woodlands, often found in dry and semi-arid areas. They nest on the ground, using natural cover for protection.
Diet :
Indian Nightjars feed mainly on insects, including moths, beetles, and other flying insects. They catch their prey in flight using their wide mouths.
Conservation Status :
Least Concern
Distribution :
The Indian Nightjar is found across parts of South Asia, including India, Nepal, and Pakistan.
Population Size :
The exact population size is not well documented, but it is considered common in suitable habitats.
Life Span :
The average lifespan of Indian Nightjars in the wild is typically around 2 to 4 years.
Body And Tarsus:
- Body: The Indian Nightjar has a compact body with a slender form, adapted for camouflage and silent flight.
- Tarsus Length: Approximately 25-30 mm (1.0-1.2 inches).
Head And Bill :
- Head: The head is relatively small and broad, with a flat crown that contributes to its camouflage.
- Eyes: Large, forward-facing eyes that are adapted for nocturnal vision. They have a dark iris.
- Bill: Short and wide, adapted for catching insects in flight. The bill has a slight hook at the tip.
- Bill Length: Approximately 12-15 mm (0.5-0.6 inches).
Length :
About 25-30 cm (9.8-11.8 inches).
Neck :
Short and somewhat indistinct, blending into the body.
Size :
Medium-sized for a nightjar; males and females are similar in size.
Tail Details :
- Tail: Long and slightly forked, aiding in flight stability and maneuverability.
- Tail Length: Approximately 10-12 cm (3.9-4.7 inches).
- Feathers: Mottled brown and gray plumage that provides excellent camouflage in their habitat. The feathers are soft and loose, providing good camouflage against the ground.
Weight :
Typically weighs between 70-120 grams (2.5-4.2 ounces).
Wing :
Long and pointed wings, which are adapted for silent flight and gliding.
Wing Span :
Approximately 60-70 cm.
Facial Feature :
The Indian Nightjar has a distinct facial pattern with a pale and dark streaked appearance. The facial markings are often more pronounced in males.
Nest Details :
- Nest: Indian Nightjars do not build traditional nests. Instead, they create a simple scrape on the ground where they lay their eggs.
- Nest Made Up Of: The nest is often just a slight depression in the soil, sometimes lined with dead leaves or grass to provide minimal concealment.
Breeding Season :
The breeding season usually occurs between March and June.
Nesting Season :
The nesting season coincides with the breeding period.
Egg Color :
The eggs are usually pale buff or brownish with speckles or blotches of darker colors.
Egg Length :
Approximately 24-30 mm.
Egg Width and Weight :
- Egg Width: Approximately 18-22 mm.
- Egg Weight: About 8-10 grams.
Clutch Size :
Typically, 1 to 2 eggs are laid per clutch.
No. of Broods :
Indian Nightjars generally raise one brood per breeding season, although they may lay another clutch if the first is lost.
Incubation Period :
The incubation period lasts about 18-21 days, primarily done by the female.
Nestling Period :
The young fledge around 18-20 days after hatching.
Vocalization :
The Indian Nightjar is known for its distinct calls, which are typically a series of soft, rhythmic "churring" or "whistling" sounds.
Sex Demorphism :
Males may have slightly more vibrant coloration and pronounced vocalizations.
Migration Details :
Indian Nightjars are generally sedentary but may undertake short migrations based on local climatic conditions.