Brown Hornbil Bird Details

Anorrhinus austeni
Brown Hornbil,Austen's Brown Hornbill, Austen's Hornbill;
Bhoore Hornbill
Edward Blyth in 1846.
Bucerotiformes (HOOPOES and HORNBILLS)
Bucerotidae
Anorrhinus
  • Myanmar
  • Thailand
  • Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia and parts of Borneo)
  • India ( Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Manipur)

    • Appearance :
    The plumage is predominantly brown with a distinctive white stripe on the face and a yellowish throat. The bill is large, curved, and generally dark in color with a pale tip.
    Behaviour :
    Brown Hornbills are often seen in pairs or small family groups. They exhibit social behavior, including vocalizations and mutual preening. They are known for their nesting habits, where the female seals herself inside a tree cavity during the breeding season, relying on the male for food.
    Habitat :
    Found primarily in dense, evergreen forests, particularly in hilly regions, the Brown Hornbill prefers tropical and subtropical climates.
    Diet :
    Their diet mainly consists of fruits, insects, and small vertebrates. They play a vital role in seed dispersal due to their fruit consumption.
    Conservation Status :
    Near Threatened
    Distribution :
    The Brown Hornbill is primarily found in Southeast Asia, particularly in parts of Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia.
    Population Size :
    They are considered to be relatively low due to habitat loss and hunting pressures.
    Life Span :
    The average lifespan of a Brown Hornbill in the wild is about 15 to 20 years.
    Body And Tarsus:
    • Body: Medium-sized bird with a robust body and a large bill, characterized by its brown plumage.
    • Tarsus Length: Approximately 5.5 cm (about 2.2 inches).
    Head And Bill :
    • Head: The head is relatively small compared to the body, with a rounded shape. It features a distinct white stripe along the side of the face.
    • Eyes: The eyes are small and dark, providing good vision, especially in dense forest environments.
    • Bill: The bill is large, curved, and robust, typically dark in color with a pale yellowish tip. The bill's structure allows for the cracking of hard fruits.
    • Bill Length: Approximately 20–25 cm (around 8–10 inches).
    Length :
    About 55–65 cm (approximately 22–26 inches) from beak to tail.
    Neck :
    Short and thick, supporting the heavy head and bill.
    Size :
    Medium-sized compared to other hornbills, with a stout build.
    Tail Details :
    • Tail: Long and wedge-shaped, aiding in flight maneuverability.
    • Tail Length: Approximately 20–25 cm (around 8–10 inches).
    • Feathers: The feathers are soft, providing insulation and aiding in flight. The plumage is generally brown with lighter underparts.
    Weight :
    Approximately 600–800 grams (around 1.3–1.8 lbs).
    Wing :
    The wings are broad and rounded, which assists in short bursts of flight and agile movements through the forest canopy.
    Wing Span :
    Approximately 100–120 cm (around 39–47 inches).
    Facial Feature :
    Brown Hornbills have a distinctive white stripe running from the bill to behind the eye, which adds to their unique facial appearance.
    Nest Details :
    • Nest: The Brown Hornbill typically nests in tree cavities, which provide protection from predators.
    • Nest Made Up Of: The nest itself is generally lined with plant material, but the female seals the entrance with a combination of mud, droppings, and plant material, leaving only a small opening for the male to deliver food.
    Breeding Season :
    Typically breeds between March and June.
    Nesting Season :
    The nesting season coincides with the breeding period.
    Egg Color :
    The eggs are usually white or pale in color.
    Egg Length :
    Approximately 4.5–5.5 cm (about 1.8–2.2 inches).
    Egg Width and Weight :
    • Egg Width: Approximately 3.5–4.0 cm (about 1.4–1.6 inches).
    • Egg Weight: About 35–40 grams (around 1.2–1.4 ounces).
    Clutch Size :
    The typical clutch size ranges from 2 to 4 eggs.
    No. of Broods :
    Generally, there is one brood per breeding season.
    Incubation Period :
    The incubation period lasts about 30 to 40 days.
    Nestling Period :
    The nestling period is typically around 50 to 60 days before the young fledge.
    Vocalization :
    They are known for their loud, resonant calls that can echo through the forest. Their vocalizations are a mix of honks and clucks, often used for communication between mates.
    Sex Demorphism :
    Females are typically smaller than males, and their bills may be less pronounced.
    Migration Details :

    Brown Hornbills are generally resident birds, meaning they do not migrate long distances.

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